Solution Dilution Calculator
Enter three known values and select the variable to solve for using the classical C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ relationship.
Solution (V₁ = (C₂ × V₂) / C₁)
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Units follow from the inputs (e.g., concentrations in mol/L and volumes in mL).
How to Use This Calculator
Identify the unknown
Select which variable (C₁, V₁, C₂, or V₂) you wish to solve for.
Enter the remaining three values
Use consistent units for concentrations and volumes to avoid conversion errors.
Apply the result
The calculator displays the missing quantity along with the corresponding rearranged formula.
Double-check units
If concentrations are in mol/L, express volumes in liters for direct use, or convert as needed.
Formula
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
Rearranging the dilution equation allows solving for any one variable when the other three are known.
Example
To prepare 250 mL of 0.05 M solution from a 1.0 M stock: V₁ = (0.05 × 250) / 1.0 = 12.5 mL of stock diluted to 250 mL.
Full Description
Solution dilution is foundational in chemistry and biology labs. C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ captures the relationship between concentration and volume before and after dilution when amount of solute remains constant.
The calculator eliminates manual rearrangement, ensuring quick, accurate results for routine preparation of buffers, standards, and reagents.
Frequently Asked Questions
What units should I use?
Any consistent units work. If concentrations are in mol/L, express volumes in liters. For mL volumes, convert concentration accordingly.
Does this account for volume change upon mixing?
The equation assumes additive volumes. Extremely concentrated solutions or non-ideal mixtures may deviate slightly.
Can I solve for more than one variable?
Solve iteratively by switching the solve-for option after filling in newly known values.
What if the result is unrealistically large?
Check that the desired concentration is lower than the stock. If it is higher, dilution is impossible without concentration steps.
Does temperature matter?
Not for the math, but solution volumes and concentrations can shift slightly with temperature. Standardize conditions when precision matters.