🩸 VLDL Calculator
Approximate very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol using the triglyceride-based Friedewald relationship.
VLDL ≈ Triglycerides ÷ 5 (mg/dL) or ÷ 2.2 (mmol/L).
How to Use This Calculator
Measure fasting triglycerides
The estimate assumes fasting samples. Enter triglycerides in mg/dL or mmol/L. High values (≥ 400 mg/dL) reduce accuracy—use direct methods in that case.
Optionally add total and HDL cholesterol
Providing total and HDL allows the calculator to display remnant cholesterol (total − HDL − LDL), another marker of atherogenic remnants.
Use results to tailor therapy
Elevated VLDL or remnant cholesterol suggests residual risk despite low LDL. Intensify lifestyle therapy, statins, omega-3s, or fibrates as clinically appropriate.
Formula
VLDL cholesterol is typically estimated rather than directly measured. The Friedewald approximation relies on the average ratio of triglycerides to cholesterol within VLDL particles:
- VLDL (mg/dL) ≈ Triglycerides ÷ 5
- VLDL (mmol/L) ≈ Triglycerides ÷ 2.2
- Remnant cholesterol = Total cholesterol − HDL − LDL (approximates cholesterol in VLDL and IDL remnants)
These relationships hold when triglycerides are within normal to moderately elevated ranges and samples are fasting. Alternate formulas (e.g., Martin-Hopkins) adjust the divisor dynamically for better accuracy.
Full Description
VLDL particles transport endogenously synthesised triglycerides from the liver. After triglyceride delivery, they become intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) and eventually LDL. Elevated VLDL reflects hepatic overproduction often linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.
Remnant cholesterol (cholesterol in VLDL + IDL) independently predicts cardiovascular events even when LDL is well controlled. Therapies targeting triglyceride-rich lipoproteins—such as high-potency statins, omega-3 ethyl esters, or fibrates—may reduce residual risk.
Use this calculator alongside LDL, non-HDL, and apoB measurements to build a complete lipid profile and personalise preventive strategies.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is VLDL routinely reported by labs?
Many labs report calculated VLDL when requested, but not all. This calculator provides a quick estimate when only triglycerides are available.
Does VLDL estimation require fasting?
Fasting is recommended. Postprandial triglycerides rise, making the divisor inaccurate and overestimating VLDL.
How do high triglycerides affect the estimate?
When triglycerides ≥ 400 mg/dL (4.5 mmol/L), VLDL estimation and LDL calculation become unreliable. Direct assays or alternative formulas are preferred.
What lifestyle changes lower VLDL?
Weight loss, reduced refined carbohydrates, limited alcohol, increased physical activity, and improved glycemic control all help lower VLDL and triglycerides.
Does omega-3 supplementation affect VLDL?
Yes. High-dose EPA/DHA formulations can significantly reduce VLDL and triglycerides, especially in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.