Normality Calculator
Determine solution normality and equivalents for acid-base reactions, titrations, and redox chemistry.
Equivalents per mole for the reaction.
Normality (N)
0.7993
Equivalents per liter.
Equivalents
0.199837
n × valence.
Moles of solute
0.099918
Converted from input.
Molarity: 0.3997 M. For monoprotic reagents, normality equals molarity. For polyfunctional reagents, normality differs by the valence factor.
Volume used: 0.25 L. Equivalents present: 0.199837 eq. Normality: 0.7993 N.
How to Use This Calculator
Choose mass or mole input
Select the solute input mode that matches your data and provide molar mass when using mass.
Enter valence factor
Valence equals the number of equivalents per mole for your reaction (acid-base or redox).
Specify solution volume
Use the final solution volume. Choose liters or milliliters to match your measurement.
Review normality and equivalents
Results display normality, equivalents, and moles ready for titration calculations or standardization logs.
Formula
Normality (N) = (n × valence) / V
n is moles of solute, valence is equivalents per mole, and V is solution volume in liters. Equivalents = n × valence.
Example
In 250 mL of 0.10 mol Na2CO3 (valence = 2 for acid-base reactions): equivalents = 0.10 × 2 = 0.20 eq. Normality = 0.20 / 0.250 = 0.80 N.
Full Description
Normality counts equivalents per liter, providing a direct measure of reactive capacity. It is common in titration setups and redox chemistry, where proton or electron transfer matters more than simple molar concentration.
This calculator turns mass or mole inputs into normality by combining valence, volume, and solute quantity. It also reports total equivalents and molarity so you can cross-check against familiar units.
Use it to standardize titrants, prepare reagents, or double-check lab notebook data before reporting final concentrations.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the valence factor?
Valence is the number of equivalents per mole. For H2SO4 donating two protons, valence = 2. For KMnO4 in acidic redox reactions, valence = 5.
How do I handle mixtures?
Calculate equivalents for each solute separately and sum them if they participate in the same reaction. Divide by the total volume for combined normality.
Does temperature matter?
Normality depends on volume, which can change with temperature. Prepare and measure solutions at the intended operating temperature for accuracy.
Is this still used in modern labs?
While molarity is more common, normality remains convenient for titrations and legacy procedures. This tool speeds up those workflows.
Can I convert normality back to mass?
Yes. Multiply normality by volume (L) to get equivalents, divide by valence for moles, then multiply by molar mass to obtain mass.